Organisational Behaviour Essay - 3025 Words

Organisational Behaviour (Essay Sample) Content: Organisational Behaviour Theoretical Analysis-Lenovo CompanyStudent NameStudent numberTutors nameSubmission Date:Word Count: 3069 words Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc427853141"
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9 IntroductionAn organisation is described as the unit or a group of people joined together and working in unison with the aim of achieving specific shared goals and objectives both in the short nd long run periods. In order to enhance the success f such groups functioning and operations, organistions have specific management and organisational structure, that help in the allocaton of duties and functions. A key emerging issue in the development and functioning of organsations is the emergence and presence of an organisational culture (Naranjo-Valencia, Jimà ©nez-Jimà ©nez Sanz-Valle 2011). An organisational corporate cuture can be described as the process of shared values and principles among an organisational members, which guides and sustains their operations towards goals attainment.This essay offers a critical analysis on the concept of the Lenovo ompany corporate cultue. In order to critically analyse it, th essay first develops a paradigm analysis, evaluating the paradigm orientation to be used, prior to offering a Lenovo Company background. Moreover, the essay presents a critical analysis on the existing literatue on corporate culture, proior to conducting an indepth analysis of the Lenovo Company corporat e culture. Finally, the essay offers recommendations on how the company can improve its corporate culture in the future.Paradigm AppliedIn the process of analysing organisations, the Burrell and Morgan sociological sciencies model play a key role. The model classifies sociological theories applied in organisational analysis into four clusters namely the radical humanist, radical structuralist, interpretive, ad functionalist clusters respectively. The classification of the four sociology theories clusters are based on the use of two orthogonal dimensions of change vs regulation, and subjectivity vs objectiveity dimensions respectively (Burrell Morgan, 1979). The four clusters, coupled with the change process and the dimesniosn for each are illustrated in figure 1 below
Figure 1: Burrell and Morgan sociological sciencies modelSource: Summarised by the EssayThe radical humanist cluster is based on change and subjective values. On its part, the proponents of this structure argue that h uman beings face challenges and social constraints that liit their potential. As such, this is the keysource for existing human desire for change to realize their potential. The paradign perceives the society members s individual members rather than motivated as groups or teams in orgniations. The second cluster, the radical structuralist is based on the objective and change orthogonal dimensions. On its part, the paradigm proponents argue that there exists inherent structural failrs and conflicts that have often led to political and economic falires. Thus, the paradigm argues that based on the structural failures and resulting conflicts, individuals result to radicl changes in a bid to correct the situation (Deetz, 1996). The third cluster is the interpretive paradigm that is based on the subsjetive and regulation orthogonal dimensions. On its part, the paradigm proponents seek to understand and evaluate the stability of human behaviuor form the individual point of view. In this c ase, its subjstive nature is based on the assumption that different individuals have different understandings of a phenomenon. Moreover, its regulated in that it perceives change as a gradual and ongoing process that can be analysed and studies (Hassard Cox, 2013). Finally, the fourth cluster is the functionalist paradigm based on the objective and regulation dimensions. On its part, the paradigm holds that human beings function rtionaly, and thus their decisions and actions can be understood through an objective evaluation of shared values and principles. Moreover, it perceives change as n ongoing and measurable phenomenon, making it a regulated dimension based phenomenon.The essay will apply the functionalist paradigm analysis approach for the Lenovo Company. On one hand, the paradigm is objective and thus will allow for the collection of data on actions and patterns of events by different employees in the organisation, aligning them as depicting a shared pattern of values and pr inciples. In this regard, the objective dimension allows for the applicaton of the organisational behavior theory, that argues that the different systems and functions in an organisation function rationally and objectively towards a shared goal. Further, its regulation dimension orientation mean that it allows for hypothesis testing, that wll enable the resesrcher develop conclusions on the company corporate culture as well as formulate recommendations based on the hypothesis testing outcomes (Van Krieken et al, 2013).The Lenovo Company is Chinese market electronics industry set up in1988 as Legend China mainly as an importer for the Chinese government computer and other electronic needs from the global market, However, with increased cost of importations, it evolved to manufacturing its own PCs. Legend changed its name to Lenovo in 2003 as a strategic measure to prepare for its iverseas market venturing. Its entry into the global market PC industry happned in 2004 following its acq uisition of the IBM Company PC division, a renowned multinational personal computer (PC) manufacturer and information technology (IT) consultancy venture (Peng, 2010). The subsequent organisational operations after the acquisition influenced its organisational culture and operations as the venture expanded its employee and management base from the domestic Chinese market to the diverse global market workforce. This essay offes ana analysis of the organisational corporate culture in the Lenovo Company PC division as the largest organisational division in the Lenovo Company.Literature Review The functionalist paradigm perceives organisational culture as the supporting tools through which individuals in an organisation are equipped and prepared to meet the both individual and organisational needs. In this case, the functionalist paradigm perceives the organisational corporate culture as an exchange of the external environment and the internal organisational structures to establish a su itable operational balance through which the organisational operations can be effectively successful (Mueller, 2012). Under the socio-cultural systems theory, organisation culture was classified into two main categories namely the functional and the functional-structural aspects. The two functionalist paradigm orientations share one characteristic of evaluating culture over a given and specific period of time. In this case, both approaches are based on the principle that an organisational culture being an exchange between the external and internal organisational environment, it changes overtime (Alvesson, 2012). Therefore, a given culture can only be evaluated over a given specific period of time. However, the two approaches have their share of differences. On one hand, the functionalist approach argues that the manifestation of culture in organisations is evidenced by their functional necessity aimed at meeting the organisational respective functional needs (Moore, 2009).Malinowski was among the first proponents of the functionalist theory on corporate culture. In this case, the author analogy postulated that cultures existed for the sole need of serving the individual society members needs (Malinowski, 2014). Thus, the analogy asserted that if a culture failed to meet the society needs it would eventually diminish. The situation is similar for corporate culture. In this case, the theory argued that organisational corporate cultures only exist to meet specific organisational needs. On one hand, if such a culture fails to meet the stated and intended organisational needs it is eventually changed and a new culture adopted. Moreover, the theory is cognizant of the changing nature of organisations as stipulated under the organisational behaviour theory. In this case, the theory holds that organisations are dynamic in nature and often change their operations, systems and structures based on the changing market dynamics (Schneider, Ehrhart Macey, 2013). As such, i n the event that an organisational needs change, based on other system changes, the existing organisational culture eventually changes, in order to allow for the development of a new corporate culture that meets the needs of the new organisational systems and structures. The theory analysis is used as a critical tool in elaborating the presence of different corporate cultures.As Michailova and Minbaeva (2012), using the Danisco Company case study established, besides the existence of an organisational culture, some organisational functions and divisions possess sub-cultures. In this case, the Malinowski theory analysis can be used to offer an explanation for such culture diversity. In this case, although different organisational functions share in the overall organisational strategic goal and objectives, each of the functions has their unique and diverse goals and ob...

Describe an example of your leadership experience Essaypilot

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Graphic Warnings as a Crucial Way of Passing Medication Information to Essay

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Social, Economical, and Political Effects of World Essay Example For Students

Social, Economical, and Political Effects of World Essay Everywhere in the world was heard the sound of things breaking. Advanced European societies could not support long wars or so many thought prior to World War I. They were right in a way. The societies could not support a long war unchanged. The First World War left no aspect of European civilization untouched as pre-war governments were transformed to fight total war. The war metamorphed Europe socially, politicaly, economically, and intellectualy. European countries channeled all of their resources into total war which resulted in enormous social change. The result of working ogether for a common goal seemed to be unifying European societies. Death knocked down all barriers between people. All belligerents had enacted some form of a selective service which levelled classes in many ways. Wartime scarcities made luxury an impossibility and unfavorable. Reflecting this, clothing became uniform and utilitarian. Europeans would never again dress in fancy, elaborate costumes. Uniforms led the way in clothing change. The bright blue-and-red prewar French infantry uniforms had been changed after the first few months of the war, since they made whoever wore them nto excellent targets for machine guns. Womens skirts rose above the ankle permanently and women became more of a part of society than ever. They undertook a variety of jobs previously held by men. They were now a part of clerical, secretarial work, and teaching. They were also more widely employed in industrial jobs. By 1918, 37. 6 percent of the work force in the Krupp armaments firm in Germany was female. In England the proportion of women works rose strikingly in public transport (for example, from 18,000 to 117,000 bus conductors), banking (9,500 to 63,700), and commerce (505,000 to 934,000). Many restrictions on women disappeared during the war. It became acceptable for young, employed, single middle-class women to have their own apartments, to go out without chaperones, and to smoke in public. It was only a matter of time before women received the right to vote in many belligerent countries. Strong forces were shaping the power and legal status of labor unions, too. The right of workers to organize was relatively new, about half a century. Employers fought to keep union organizers out of their plants and armed force was often used against striking workers. The universal rallying of workers owards their flag at the beginning of the war led to wider acceptance of unions. It was more of a bureaucratic route than a parliamentary route that integrated organized labor into government, however. A long war was not possible without complete cooperation of the workers with respect to putting in longers hours and increasing productivity. Strike activity had reached its highest levels in history just before the war. There had been over 1,500 diffent work stoppages in France and 3,000 in Germany during 1910. More than a million British workers stopped at one time or another in 1912. In Britain, France, and Germany, deals were struck between unions and government to eliminate strikes and less favorable work conditions in exchange for immediate integration into the government process. This integration was at the cost of having to act more as managers of labor than as the voice of the labor. Suddenly, the strikes stopped during the first year of the war. Soon the enthusiasm died down, though. The revival of strike activity in 1916 shows that the social peace was already wearing thin. Work stoppages and the number of people on strike in France quadrupled in 1916 compared to 1915. In Germany, in May 1916, 50,000 Berlin works held a three-day walkout to protest the arrest of the pacifist Karl Liebknecht. By the end of the war most had rejected the government offer of being integrated in the beaurocracy, but not without playing an important public role and gaining some advantages such as collective bargaining. The war may have had a leveling effect in many ways, but it also sharpened some social differences and conflicts. Soldiers were revolting just like workers: They were no longer willing to sacrifice their lives when shirkers at home were earning all the money, tkaing, he women around in cars, cornering all the best jobs, and while so many profiteers were waxing rich. The draft was not completely fair since ot all men were sent to the trenches. Skilled workers were more important to industry and some could secure safe assignments at home. A Lesson Before Dying EssayUnskilled workers and workers in less important industries fell behind. Clerks, lesser civil servants, teachers, clergymen, and small shopkeepers earned less than many skilled labors. Those who suffered the most were those dependent on fixed incoming. The incomes of old people on pensions or middle class living on small dividends remained about the same while prices double or tripled. These dropped down into poverty. These new poor kept heir pride by repairing old clothes, supplementing food budget with gardens, and giving up everything to appear as they had before the war. Inflation radically change the relative position of many in society. Conflicts arose over the differences in purchasing power. All wage earners had less real purchasing power at the end of the war than they had had at the beginning. To make matters worse some great fortunes were built during the wartime and postwar inflation. Those who were able to borrow large amounts of money could repay their debts in devalued currency from their war profit. Four years of chaos and utter destruction had smashed the old world Europe. The most advanced quarter of the world had turned to violence and barbarism of its own accord. Progress and reason had been suppressed for destruction. Moreover, it has brought to light an almost incredible phenomenon: the civilized nations know and underezd one another so little that one can turn against the other with hate and loathing. Indeed, one of the great civilized nations is so universally unpopular that the attempt can actually be made to exclude it from the civilized community as barbaric, although it has ong proved its fitness by the magnificent contributions to that community which it has made. The early part of the war satisfied the fascination with speed, violence, and the machine as manifested in the pre-war Futurists. Many movements shared a resolute modernist contempt for all academic styles in the arts, a hatred for bourgeois culture, and a commitment to the free expression of individuals. All these feelings were given an additional jolt of violence and anger by the horrors of the wartime experience. During the war there was a loss of illusions as described in All Quiet on the Western Front. Poets, like others, had gone to war in 1914 believing in heroism and nobility. Trench warfare hardened and embittered many. Freud said of disillusionment: When I speak of disillusionment, everyone will know at once what i mean. One need not be a sentimentalist; one may perceive the biological and psychological necessity for surrering in the economy of human life, and yet condemn war both in its means and ends and long for the cessation of all wars. British poet, Wilfred Own, who was killed in 1918 was transformed from a young romantic into a powerful denouncer of those who had sent young men off to war. In Dulce et Decorum Est he mocked the old lie that it was good to die for ones country, after giving a searing description of a gassed soldier coughing out his lungs. The anger of the soldier-poets was directed against those who had sent them to the war, not their enemy. The war experience did not produce new art forms or styles. It acted largely to make the harshest themes and the grimmest or most mocking forms of expression of prewar intellectual life seem more appropriate, and to fost experiments in opposition to the dominant values of contemporary europe. The Dada movement, which ocked old values and ridiculed stuffy bourgeois culture, was one of these movements. A mood of desolation and emptiness prevailed at the end of a war where great sacrifice had brought little gain. It was not clear where post-war anger would be focused, but it would definately be in antibourgeois politics. The echoes of a world shattering were heard throughout the world as Europe collapsed into total war. These echoes were the sound of change as Europe was transformed socially, politicaly, economically, and intellectualy into a machine of complete destruction. Europe would never be the same again.