Net present value vs Internal rate of return Essay

How do the results of the NPV technique relate to the goal of maximizing shareholder wealth? The NPV technique measures the present value of the future cash flows that a project will produce. A positive NPV means that the investment should increase the value of the firm and lead to maximizing shareholder wealth. A positive NPV project provides a return that is more than enough to compensate for the required return on the investment. Thus, using NPV as a guideline for capital investment decisions is consistent with the goal of creating wealth. In theory, why is NPV the most appropriate technique for making capital budgeting decisions? The NPV method is theoretically the most appropriate method for making capital budgeting decisions because it measure wealth creation, which is the assumed goal of financial management. NPV is an absolute measure of a project’s profitability and indicates the expected change in owners’ wealth from a capital investment. As an evaluation technique, NPV considers all expected future cash flows, the time value of money, and the risk of the future cash flows. Thus, NPV can help identify projects that maximize shareholder wealth. If a firm selects a project with an NPV of $75,000, what impact should this decision have on shareholder wealth? If the estimated cash flows and discount rate are accurate, this project should increase shareholder wealth by $75,000. If a project’s NPV is positive, what does this suggest about the required versus estimated return on the project? What does this suggest about accepting the project? A positive NPV suggests that the estimated return on the project is greater than the required return for the project. The NPV decision rule is to accept a project whose NPV is greater than zero because this investment should increase shareholder wealth. The IRR measures a project’s yield or expected rate of return. This return does not depend on anything except the cash flows of the project. Thus, the IRR provides a single number summarizing the merits of a project. Mathematically, the IRR is that rate of return (discount rate) that makes the present value of all expected future cash flows equal to zero. That is, the IRR is the discount rate that causes a project’s NPV to equal zero. Why may using the IRR method as a decision criterion not lead to maximizing shareholder wealth? What factors can lead to misleading results when comparing the IRR with the NPV? If projects are independent and are not subject to capital rationing, using the IRR method in evaluating projects indicates the ones that maximize shareholder wealth. However, using the IRR method as a decision criterion may sometimes lead to selecting projects that do not maximize wealth if the projects are mutually exclusive or capital rationing exists. When evaluating mutually exclusive projects, the IRR may indicate a different decision than the NPV because of the reinvestment rate assumption. The IRR implicitly assumes reinvestment of all intermediate cash inflows at the IRR, whereas the NPV implicitly assumes reinvestment of all intermediate cash inflows at the cost of capital. This reinvestment rate assumption may lead to different decisions in selecting among mutually exclusive projects when any of the following factors apply: (1) differences in timing of cash flows among the projects, (2) differences in scale, and (3) differences in the useful lives of the projects. What are the similarities and differences in decision rules when using NPV versus IRR? For independent projects with conventional cash flows and no capital rationing, the NPV and IRR generate the same accept-rejected decision. Thus, the decision rules are similar for investment projects. The decision rule for NPV is to accept the project if the NPV is positive and reject the project if the NPV is NPV is negative. The decision rule for IRR is to accept the project if the IRR equals or is greater than the required rate of return and reject the project if the IRR is less than the required rate of return. Technically, the firm should be indifferent between accepting and rejecting a project with an NPV equal to zero or an IRR equal to the cost of capital because such an investment would not change shareholder wealth. The cost of capital is the discount rate for the NPV and the hurdle rate for the IRR. The firm should accept the project because it has a positive NPV. However, the discounted payback method is inconsistent with shareholder wealth maximization because the method ignores some cash flows that contribute to the present value of investment. What are two reasons for the superiority of the NPV method in evaluating capital investment projects? The NPV method is the best approach in evaluating projects because it measures the amount by which a capital investment creates wealth. This is because the NPV is an absolute measure of a project’s worth. In addition, NPV has a more realistic reinvestment rate assumption than IRR. It implicitly assumes reinvestment of intermediate cash inflows at the required rate of return. Both reasons supporting the superiority of the NPV method assume that managers invest the cash flows from the investment for the benefit of shareholders. In summary, no other capital budgeting technique does a better job of measuring wealth creation than the NPV method. Which capital budgeting techniques are increasing in popularity? Which are decreasing in popularity? Survey results suggest an increased use of more sophisticated capital budgeting techniques. The use of discounted cash flow techniques, specifically NPV and IRR, has increased in popularity over time. Several reasons may explain increasing popularity of these methods such as the widespread use of personal computers with spreadsheet programs that reduce the knowledge and effort required to calculate discounted cash flow measures and increased familiarity of managers with these techniques. NPV has been the dominant method taught in business schools for many years and many financial managers hold business degrees, especially MBAs. The popularity of the IRR is mostly likely because it is a measure of yield and is easy to explain to people who do not have formal training in finance. Since financial managers often deal in yields, some may be slightly more comfortable dealing with the IRR than NPV. Methods declining in popularity include the use of the payback period, although still popular, and the accounting rate of return. The rationale for this decline in popularity likely results from several factors including their simplicity and failure to consider the time value of money. In addition, the accounting rate of return uses accounting income instead of the cash flows.

Healthy Food Essay

Many ways to define healthy food. Firstly, healthy food consists of all the essential nutrients that your body needs like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, calcium, vitamins etc. Secondly, it is hygienic & doesn’t contain any germs that can harm your body. Thirdly, it should include all sorts of eatables like veggies, fruits, meat, dairy, sweets etc in right proportion. In a nutshell, healthy food keeps your body fit & at its top. Less junk and more home-made stuff. Health food is food considered to be beneficial to health in ways that go beyond a normal healthy diet required forhuman nutrition. Because there is no precise, authoritative definition from regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, different dietary practices can be considered healthy depending on context. Foods considered â€Å"healthy† may be natural foods, organic foods, whole foods, and sometimes vegetarian or dietary supplements. Such products are sold in health food stores or i n the health/organic sections of supermarkets. Healthy eating means eating a variety of foods that give you the nutrients you need to maintain your health, feel good, and have energy. These nutrients include protein, carbohydrates, fat, water, vitamins, and minerals. Nutrition is important for everyone. When combined with being physically active and maintaining a healthy weight, eating well is an excellent way to help your body stay strong and healthy. If you have a history of breast cancer or are currently undergoing treatment, eating well is especially important for you. What you eat can affect your immune system, your mood, and your energy level. No food or diet can prevent you from getting breast cancer. While researchers are still studying the effects ofeating unhealthy food on breast cancer and recurrence risk, we do know that being overweight is a risk factor for both first-time and recurrent breast cancer. In this section, you can learn how to eat in a way that keeps your body as healthy as it can be. Read on for information about food groups, nutrients, how to create a healthy eating plan, how to figure out portions, and how enjoy your food without overeating. In this section, you can read about: Understanding Food Groups How Your Body Gets Nutrients From Foods What Happens to Food in Your Body? Designing a Healthy Eating Plan Portion Size Enjoying Your Food

Cultural studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Cultural studies - Essay Example One of these television shows is Bravo TV’s Queer Eye for the Straight Guy. Since its inception in 2003, the show has rapidly gained popularity worldwide. This is clearly evidenced by the many spin-offs of the show that have been produced in various countries around the world. Since the show has been said to break down anti-homosexual stereotypes, it is vital to review and analyze the show based on certain elements. How does the show represent homosexuality? Does it suppress or support homosexuality in today’s modern age? What meaning does the show give to gay lifestyle? In this paper, a discourse analysis of the show Queer Eye for the Straight Guy will be undertaken to provide answers to the aforementioned questions. The discussion will focus on how the show depicts homosexuality in society. Likewise, the methodology involved in collection, coding, and analysis of the data involved will be discussed. In order to gather the necessary data for the discourse analysis to be undertaken, 5 episodes of the television show Queer Eye for the Straight Guy were viewed. While watching the said shows, certain elements were closely observed to determine how homosexuality was represented. Notable elements that were closely looked at were the manner by which the â€Å"straight† guy would interact with the â€Å"Fab five.† This included words, actions, and reactions towards the actions and words of the five gay guys. It was also of great significance to focus on what each gay character does in the show. Through the observation and analysis of such details, this study will aim to achieve a synthesis of the show’s representation of homosexuality. In turn, this study will provide a glimpse of how homosexuality is depicted in media particularly in reality television shows. Queer Eye for the Straight Guy is described as follows: â€Å"Queer Eye for the Straight Guy is a

Essay about Hip-Hop Beyond beats and Rhymes directed by Byron Hurt

About Hip-Hop Beyond beats and Rhymes directed by Byron Hurt (movie) - Essay Example Men with their bling-bling paraphernalia, for instance, threw money promiscuously in front of the camera while women in scanty dress dance erotically in the background. These images imply four things: (1) Amassing a great amount of money is men’s ultimate goal. The privilege of wealth and comfort seems to belong only to men. (2) Men’s and women’s roles, as it appears, are codified through paper money. While men search for money, on the other hand, women passively wait for men to come for their rescue. (3) The role of women is placed underneath or behind men’s. As a background, a woman only becomes a woman if she puts her place in the arms of a man. (4) Women are tagged with price on their body. Here, women are transformed into objects. In contrast to men, women seem to have no power and will. Activist Hurt realized the sharp conflict between his ideals and the ideas propagated by hip-hop culture. He believes that life’s goal is men’s and women’s equality in the access of comfort and resources. Money is just a human invention. Like money, role-giving belongs to humans, both men and women. Hurt confessed that the more he deciphered about the reproduction of sexism and masculinity in the hip-hop songs, â€Å"the more those lyrics became unacceptable to

Whiteness in Americas Geographic Structures Essay

Whiteness in Americas Geographic Structures - Essay Example This paper highlights that   the way cities were planned and the direction taken by governmental decisions segregated black Americans from white Americans. The same trends can be seen taking place even after the civil rights movements especially when it comes to living in the suburbs which appear to be dominated by white people with African Americans few and far between. Lipsitz does not say that this division is out in the open, nor does the writer suggest that governments actually enforce this division but there is some blame given to the policy lines adopted by the powers that be. For example, more African American areas in the suburbs had been targeted for demolition during the constructions of highways than homes owned by white Americans and even though it may not really be a conspiracy, the statistics given by Lipsitz are quite startling. Perhaps the most important question raised by Lipsitz is the idea of enforcement of the law since the laws to ensure fair housing are certainly there on the books even today. However, it is the enforcement of these laws which is lacking and needs help from outside sources to support the case of those African Americans and other races who feel disenfranchised and left out of the housing system. Clearly, the African American / Caucasian American question still remains to be answered and housing is not the only issue which faces American in terms of race relations.  

The Role Of Phytase In Poultry Rations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Role Of Phytase In Poultry Rations - Essay Example Enzymes are as well used in laundry detergents to assist break up grease and other complex marks. With the intention of understanding the actions of enzymes, it is significant to know that the majority of chemicals in food are merely too huge and compound for human body to use as is. Proteins, for instance, are elongated chains of amino acids, and yet widespread sugars and starches can be extremely compound chemicals. Just as one cannot consume large lumps completely, but have to chew on bite-size pieces, the majority of chemicals inflowing the body must be conked down previous to they can be put to use (Siriwan, Bryden and Annison, 1994, Pg 15-16) . Enzymes reorganize or tear these chemicals into smaller "bite-size" pieces prepared for additional chemical reaction. For instance, table sugar (sucrose) is actually two simple sugars, chemically connected, that are estranged by the enzyme sucrase during absorption. The body can then use the ensuing uncomplicated sugars, glucose and fructose. Medical knowledge has extensively used assured enzymes with advantageous consequences. Fibrinolytic enzymes--which assist break up blood clots--have been utilized to clean injuries that have dried out and clotted beneath unhygienic circumstances. Enzymes are also used as a substitute to spinal operation to mend the outflow of a cracked disk. In this handling, the substance that has "leaked" out of the disk is suspended by action of the enzyme chymopapain. Enzymes are also imperative pointers of body tasks. From assimilating foods to metabolizing drugs, enzymes are a fundamental element of our bodies. And with genetic production and recombinant DNA expertise presently in progress, it appears probably that many of the familiar enzyme lack diseases will turn out to be handy if not cured. One enzyme under consideration in our study today is "Phytase" due to its extensive use in poultry industry. According to Moore (2003, Pg 65) Dietary prerequisite of phosphorus and its accessibility in plant source feedstuffs are important subjects in poultry nourishment. It is renowned that the phosphorus accessibility from plant foundation for instance corn and soybean meal is inadequate to 30-40 percent. This short accessibility is accredited too much of the plant's phosphorus being in the shape of phytates (Myoinositol hexaphosphates). Phosphorus is there in the form of phytic acid as a compound of cations (Ca, Mg, Zn and K) and/or proteins. Poultry is short of adequate quantity of endogenous phytase in the gastrointestinal territory to hydrolyze the phytate molecule and discharge the inorganic phosphorus. This demands adding up costly inorganic resources of phosphorus to persuade dietary prerequisites. Adding up inorganic phosphorus, though, effects in disproportionate emission of phosphorus in manure, pretentiousness an environmental worry, particularly in concentrated animal production. This augmented environmental apprehension that has shaped much attention in phytase consumption in current years. Phytases are a collection of enzymes that catalyze the stepwise exclusion of inorganic orthophosphate from phytic acid. (Sebastian, Touchburn and Chavez, 1998, Pg 27-28) These enzymes take place in cereals and are produced by bacteria, fungi, and yeast

Nursing Health History Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nursing Health History - Case Study Example Two months later, Dorothy noticed that the wound is becoming bigger and worse and has moved up to the lower portion of the leg. The persistence of this wound prompted the patient to consult the emergency department of the hospital. Dorothy does not smoke, but claims to drink a few glasses of wine on occasion. She leads a sedentary lifestyle, performing minimal household chores. Tending to her garden every morning is the most exercise that she does. There is history of Diabetes Mellitus on the maternal side of the patient, while on the paternal side, there is history of hypertension. Despite this knowledge, Dorothy still liked eating cakes and pastries. There is no history of asthma. In 1971, she published her nursing concepts of practice known as the Self Care theory (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Snyder, 2004). She sought to answer the questions "what is nursing" and "when do people need nursing care", from which she concluded that people need nursing when they are unable to care for themselves (Delaune & Ladner, 2006). Orem's Self Care theory revolves around four concepts: (1) self care; (2) self care agency (which consists of two agents: the self care agent and a dependent care agent); (3) self care requisites; and (4) therapeutic self care demand (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Sydney, 2004). ... self care; (2) self care agency (which consists of two agents: the self care agent and a dependent care agent); (3) self care requisites; and (4) therapeutic self care demand (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Sydney, 2004). Self care pertains to the activities an individual practices independently throughout the course of life to promote and maintain health and wellness, while self care agency refers to the individual's ability to carry out these activities (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Sydney, 2004). The self care agent is the independent individual who cares for himself, while the dependent care agent is another person who provides the care. Examples of a self care agent and a dependent care agent are adults and children respectively (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Snyder, 2004). Lastly, therapeutic self care demand pertains to every activity done by an individual to fulfill self care demands, which stems from the need to be responsible (Berman, Erb, Kozier, & Sydney, 2004). In short, it refers to actions taken to maintain health and wellness. Self Care Deficit Model courtesy of www.nursing.uiowa.edu Self care is performed by oneself for oneself. It is a gradually learned and deliberate behavior for the purpose of bringing about a condition of well-being (Delaune & Ladner, 2006). It is an individual's right and at the same time a personal responsibility. It may be effective or ineffective, and therapeutic and non-therapeutic (University of Iowa, n.d.). According to this theory, it is the self care deficit that presents the need for nursing care, not the medical condition (Delaune & Ladner, 2006). Self care deficit is subdivided into three categories: universal self care requisites, developmental self care requisites, and health deviation self care requisite

Signifiance of Frankenstein in the Romantic period or era Research Paper

Signifiance of Frankenstein in the Romantic period or era - Research Paper Example nation as the highest measure of human capacities because of its massive creative abilities and the way in which it gives us the capacity to reacting to sweeping change in every aspect of life. Sweeping change was something the Romantic writers were very familiar with. The Romantic Age also held nature in high esteem not only because of the creative element inherent in it, but also because of the capacity for the imagination to be discovered through contemplation of this nature. In other words, we create what we see so that it makes sense to us and nature provides us with the necessary room to roam. The complicated nuances of the thought during this period in time are best understood when applied to a text that reflects the Romantic ideals. By examining the prevailing thought during the Romantic period and examining the text of Mary Shelley’s novel, the concepts of the Romantic Period become clear. Looking at the Romantic Period through a literary lens, the world was seen as a place full of signs and symbols that were capable of transmitting meaning, perhaps even providing indications of the future. It was felt an individual, after having become familiar with this natural world, would become capable of knowing the events and actions of their times, the past and he future through their relationship with nature and their knowledge of the myths and legends of antiquity. â€Å"Walter Pater thought the addition of strangement to beauty (the neoclassicists having insisted on order in beauty) constituted the romantic temper. An interesting schematic explanation calls romanticism the predominance of imagination over reason and formal rules (classicism) and over the sense of fact or the actual (realism)† (Holman & Harmon, 2001). This explanation helps to classify Romanticism, but it does little to help us actually recognize it. Characteristics of the genre identified by Welleck (2003) include a â€Å"revolt against the principles of neo-classicism criticism, the rediscovery

A Comparison between Charles Taylor and Will Kymlickas views on Essay

A Comparison between Charles Taylor and Will Kymlickas views on Multiculturalism with Minority Rights - Essay Example However, the implementation of equality and sharing of beliefs is the only way that discriminatory issues can be avoided and minority rights upheld, according to Taylor's philosophy. I personally tend to favor Taylor's point of view since it appears to have the most solidity in the view's being given. Of course he makes quite a few other interesting points in his writing, from my personal interpretation of it. Multiculturalism has a strong purpose in politics as when there are other nationalities living in a country they want to be able to feel they are a part of it (Taylor 1994). The only way this is possible is if they have awareness that they are included in the many political debates of the many topics concerning the country's needs or desire's for the people.Furthermore, Taylor shows the notion of multiculturalism gives identity to people as it defines them as human beings. If the politics of a nation where only centered around the natural origin of those living in a country, su ch as Americans in the United States, then there would be no sense of a multiculturalist identity for those who were of a foreign body that also dwelled in America as well. Therefore Taylor points out that it is crucial to acknowledge all people who reside in a country and that developing a political identity with the concept of multiculturalism is the way to go about creating equality and a sense of individuality for all of the various ethnic cultures within the body of a nation. A political body can not simply step up to a podium and refer to all people as Americans or Europeans and expect there to be unity in that nation. This is one of the strongest views of Taylor and this author feels it has a good relevance to the effect political bodies have on the citizens of a nation. If there is a lack of inclusion of one type of nationality there is going to be discord and inequality but if there is an inclusion of the whole concept of multiculturalism then it will make a nation stronger and the citizens of the communities will be united, or so it would appear. Also, Taylor also emphasizes the fact that recognition of different cultures is extremely important to provide equality in a nation. However, there can be various dilemmas with what people know about others and therefore the idea of misrecognition of a culturally diverse group can create just as many problems as actually not identifying their presence can create. For example people in a country often make assumptions about foreigners who live there. Before the facts are gathered false interpretations develop such as with Latino's, many people in America often identify all Latino's as being from Mexico and speaking the same form of language but this is the wrong impression. Latino's span out across many regions and they all do not look alike or speak alike therefore this is a simple example that can be given following Taylor's points of misrecognition of a culture between ethnicities. In fact Taylor states that the wrong idea can cause severe harm onto a culture as they are then faced with many discriminatory issues and don't feel a sense of equality either, which is one of the problems that is prevalent in many countries today, especially in the United States in particular. This results in a distorted image of a culture and impacts them in a negative way as they begin to feel that the main representative cultural body within a country is not willing to

Sources of Resource Risks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sources of Resource Risks - Assignment Example People as a source of risk may be defined as the risk of not meeting project requirements due to improper human resource management, motivational issues and fraud. It involves the project management having concerns about the availability of enough people to complete the project, availability from the staff of the necessary skills and experience and the belief in the project success by the staff.Some of the underlying concerns related to people as a source of risk include conflict among staff members and lack of or scarcity of certain required skill from the staff and the lack of essential collaboration due to unforeseen events such as job change by project-critical personnel, or lack of project-critical expertise.However, in order to avoid resource risks related to human resource, there is the need for proper planning and credible scheduling of the work well in advance. A histogram analysis of resource requirements will also prove to be of importance in identifying possible staffing. Outsourcing or supplier risks result from the use of people and services outside the project team. It accounts for more than a quarter of the resource risks. It includes delays such as when a supplier fails to complete an outsourced task on schedule.Some common resource assumptions which might eventually result to risks includes assuming that the supplier will provide correct materials when needed, assuming that resources will not be overburdened and that the sole-source resource will be available when needed.

The Importance of Being Earnest Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Being Earnest Essay The comedy in Importance of Being Earnest focuses on the aristocratic classes at the turn of the 19th century, the time when the play was written and set. Whilst creating humour by mocking their absurdities i. e. moral and social values and ideas, he also provides the audience the witty banter of the idle rich and their somewhat ridiculous lifestyles and attitudes to enjoy. These idle rich seem to revel in making trivial matters important and important matters trivial. Wilde uses a range of techniques to simultaneously mock aristocratic Victorian society and to create humour: dramatic irony; the dialogue and language of the characters i. e. puns/wordplay, paradoxes and their witticisms; the significance of the themes at the time of the play and today; the actions of the characters; characterisation and the development of the increasingly ridiculous plot, which all culminates in the discovery that Jack was the baby in the handbag. The play begins in a realistic atmosphere for the time that the play was set; the characters behave and talk in the leisurely, pointed and conscious manner of their day. The bachelors only relax when they are alone. We see their idle nature almost immediately through the characters trivial preoccupation with food, one of the themes of the play. In the first few lines of dialogue in the opening scene, we witness Wildes witty way with words and the consequent humour he creates in the scene. Algernon, avoids admitting that he plays poorly and claims that he plays with wonderful expression, as though doing so were more transcendent. He emerges to be quite a conceited character and it seems that Wilde intends him to represent the pompous nature of the rich, rather like Lady Bracknell does. Algernons dialogue is always polished and his quips, paradoxes and unorthodox attitudes provide quite a lot of the humour in the play. Sometimes, what the characters say might sound intelligent but in fact, is silly. It is hidden by the sophisticated sentence structures. Wildes use of language is rarely simple: as Gwendolen says, it is style not sincerity which is important, i. e. he cares more for a statement being clever rather than true. The characters in The Importance Of Being Earnest are all language conscious. The sentences they speak are perfectly formed and a reflection of how aristocrats would like to speak, not how they did speak at the time. They all try to sound intelligent. At all times, even at tense times, the characters prioritise the upholding of a fake mask of politeness. An example of this is when Lady Bracknell says rise from this semi-recumbent posture at once. Again it is a mockery of Victorian aristocrats. Both Dr Chasuble, who is somewhat pedantic, and Miss Prism show an explicit interest in the language they use, they repeatedly state where their metaphors are drawn from: Were I fortunate enough to be Miss Prisms pupil, I would hang upon her lips. I spoke metaphorically my metaphor was drawn from bee.

Do you Hear the People Sing - Les Miserables Essay Example for Free

Do you Hear the People Sing Les Miserables Essay Looking at the political situation in the historical novel Les Miserables, the song â€Å"Do you hear the people sing? † is apparently a political song with the objective to express their disagreement towards injustices and stiff culture during those times. The character apparently struggle for redemption and revolution, and are joined by an ensemble that includes student revolutionaries, prostitutes, low class workers and other groups that are consider inferior. The first one who sang is Enjolras, a charismatic leader of a French group of revolutionary students. In his part specially the lines â€Å"Do you hear the people sing?.. It is the music of a people/ Who will not be slaves again! †, one can really see his belief in democratic freedom and equality. In his lines, Enjolras as a leader, rouses the revolutionaries and declares that it is now time to strike. The lines of Combeferre on the other hand suggest something attainable and practicable on how to be free. He motivates the people to join and to be involved personally as his lines says â€Å"Will you join in our crusade? / Who will be strong and stand with me? †. His desire in his lines is to instill into all minds the broad principles on how to be free. His lines suggest wisdom- from knowledge from Enjolras to application of knowledge. Feuilly on the other hand emphasizes the significance of honour in fighting for the good cause of humanity, â€Å"Will you stand up and take your chance? / The blood of the martyrs/ Will water the meadows of France! †. Despite their different tones and personalities manifested in their own respective lines, they all have the common aim to finally free themselves and France to different injustices due to the stiff embedded culture. They have a revolutionary tone where every word is pronounce properly and slowly with emphasis.

A History of Dance Through the Ages

A History of Dance Through the Ages Dance and communications How dancers have related and communicated with their environment throughout  time. Please write about the change of dance and communications using examples  of primitive and tribal communities, and throughout biblical societies, to the  present day how this form of spiritual and natural form of communication with  a connection to the natural environment and (the divine) has been lost due to  Industrialisation and become a commercial form of communication. (Add aspects of  dance as a healing method and dance and communications). ABSTRACT This project carries out an investigation on how dancers have related and communicated with the environment throughout time. The importance of dance in religious and magical gatherings is probably older than its use for recreation and entertainment. There is little doubt in many scholars mind that for the primitive man, dance was integrated in everyday activity expressing every kind of conceivable emotion; from the hunter dancing around his prey, to the prospect of war against another tribe and to the ritual ceremonies performed in dedication to the Gods. It was only as a result of when more difficult social and economic structure; (invasions and urbanisation) did dance become commercialised as a source of entertainment. Table of Contents (Jump to) CHAPTER 1:   Introduction Project Aims Project Objectives CHAPTER 2: History of Dance Dance Dance in the Bible Ancient Egypt Ancient Greek Mythology The Christian era Oriental Dancing Ancient Belly Dancing Evaluation of Ancient Dance CHAPTER 3: Tribal Dance Kerala Bangladesh Tribal Dance Anlo-Ewe Tribe The Sun Dance ABAKUA Tribes in existence today CHAPTER 4: Development of Dance Muslim Influence The Gypsy Movement Shugendo and nomai Dance Persian Heritage Black Dance Australian Dance CHAPTER 5: Effects of industrialisation Africa Changes in Western Societies CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.1 Project Aims History shows that dance was used as an expression of how our ancestors would communicate with the divine. It was used as a fundamental part of life in healing, worship, family and connection to the natural environment. The use of dance in religious and magical gatherings is probably older than its use for recreation and entertainment. Research has shown through ancient archaeological findings how dance was an essential part of everyday life. It was only when industrialisation and urbanisation emerged did it now became a commercial form of communication. The aim of this project is to investigate how dance was used as a method of communication throughout biblical societies, to this present day using primitive and tribal communities as examples. This project explores the history of dance from ancient to modem and how dance has changed dramatically due to industrialisation, highlighting whether any of these tribal dances are still in existence today, died or have been transformed with society 1.2 Objectives Introduction to the meaning of dance in history and how it has changed through modernisation. Look into ancient tribal societies and how they lived their lives. A look into biblical societies, how dancing was used as an expression of joy, thanksgiving and enhancing their relationship with the divine. Provide information on how primitive and tribal communities used dance as a spiritual method to connect with the natural environment. The foundation of modern dance and whether any of it has derived from old tribal sacred dance that related to the communication of the divine. How the natural form of dance used for communicating with the natural environment has been lost due to industrialisation becoming a commercial form of communication Finally, a conclusion of whether dance in its natural form still exists in some parts of the world and how its being preserved through commercialisation, CHAPTER 2:  HISTORY OF DANCE 2.1 Dance Dance can be described as artistic form of non communication or to move in a graceful or rhythmical way. Its origins are lost in prehistoric times, but, from the study of many primitive tribes and ancient cultures, both men and women danced as a form of spiritual release intertwining the environment and the divine. History shows that there are two types of dances that evolved as cultures developed; Social dance and spiritual dance. Social dances are those used on occasions that celebrated birth and commemorated deaths whilst magical or religious dances were used as an active worship to communicate with the Gods as well as to cure the sick. In religious dance, the medicine men of primitive cultures were believed to have powers that invoked the assistance of a God and were both feared, respected and were considered by many to be the first choreographers, or composers of formal dances. 2.2. Biblical dance The bible is known as the sacred writings of the Christian religion which tells the faith and history of ancient Israel. It dates back many centuries ago and is believed to be the eldest book that dictates how the first human beings from this world lived their lives. In this book, dance is said to play a prominent role in communication and the expression of emotions to the divine. The bible was originally written in Hebrew, Greek and some bits of Aramaic language which resembles Hebrew. Some of the original Hebrew words in the Old Testament were kheel or khool meaning to twist or writhe, raw-kad meaning to jump or stamp and kaw-rar meaning to whirl. In the New Testament, the Greek term kheh-om-ahee means a circular motion. Like other historic religions, dancing was used to communicate with the divine Many biblical passages show how the people of Israel danced as expressions of happiness, gratitude, and praise for the higher being: Ladies dancing in the vineyard to celebrate the yearly festival – Judges 21:21-23 Jephtah’s daughter dancing and playing the tambourine judges -11:34 Miriam led dancing and singing and praise to the lord – Exodus 15:20-21 David danced before the ark of the lord to honour the Lord†¦ King David dancing and jumping around in his sacred dance – 2 Samuel 6:14-23 The bible emphasises dancing only to be used as a religious rite that was to be practiced for joyful occasions, national feasts and victorious battles. Males and females usually danced separately, not as form of courtship which is now seen in the modern society. Any form of dance not used for the glorification of the high being was regarded sinful. The only records in the bible of dancing for social entertainment were those of ungodly families who spent their time in luxury who’s end was believed to eventually come to a sudden destruction (Job 11:11-13); and the dancing of Herodians which led to the murder of John the Baptist. (Matthew 14:11) Hebrew words that have meanings related to physical movement were translated into English as rejoice. Every instance of dancing in the bible that was acceptable was done in worship and in praise to the God of Israel. It was a way to express the emotions and keep in contact with the divine one. 2.3 Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was the birth place of one of the world’s first civilisations. This advanced culture rose 5,000 years ago. It thrived for over 2,000 years and so became one of the longest lasting civilizations in history. Dance was an essential part in ancient Egyptian culture. According to Wendy Burk, [1] it evolved from the simple rituals used by hunters to find their prey. Performing the dances was believed to help in later hunts. A leader, called a priest-dancer, was responsible for seeing that the dances were performed correctly so that the hunt would be successful. Eventually these dances were separated from their ritual and became an art of their own. This development paralleled the emergence of Osiris as Egyptian’s most important God. He was the symbol of a more developed civilisation on Earth, and belief in him guaranteed everlasting life. Dance was a crucial element in the festivals held for Osiris. These occurred throughout the year—in the summer, for instance, when the river Nile began to rise and the corn was ripening, and in the fall on All souls night—the ancient ancestor of Halloween. Egyptian art shows that Men and women never danced together, and the most common scenes depict groups of female dancers were often performing in pairs. Dancing within the ancient Egyptian culture could be spontaneous as were orchestrated for religious festivals: â€Å"All the people of all the dwellings of the court heard (of the coronation of Hatshepsut); they came, their mouths rejoicing, they proclaimed (it) beyond everything, dwelling on dwelling therein was announcing (it) in his name; soldiers on soldiers [], they leaped and they danced for the double joy in their hearts.† James Henry Breasted Ancient Records of Egypt, Part Two,  § 238 As true in most primitive cultures, music was a part of these celebrations but not as important as the dancing itself. Egyptians had developed stringed, wind and percussion instruments as well as different sorts of whistle and harms in order to communicate with their Gods. 2.4 Ancient Greek mythology Research shows that dance was used by the Greeks to honour their Gods and therefore used it for religious, fellowship and worshiping ceremonies. They believed the Gods offered this gift to some selected morals only who in return taught the dancing to their fellow men. The following exerts that talks about the origins of dance comes from H.B. Cothherhills book on Ancient Greece who’s extensive research talks about the origins of dance in ancient Greece. â€Å"Every fifth year the birth of the twin deities was celebrated with magnificence, amidst a great concourse, vividly described in the ancient hymn to Apollo: ‘hither gather the long-robed Ionians with their children and chaste wives. They wrestle, they dance they sing in memory of the God. He who saw them would say they were immortal and ageless, so much grace and charm†¦ † Ancient Greece: A sketch of its Art, Literature and philosophy Book by H.B Cotterill, Goethe, Milton, Virgil; Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1913 In the classic Greek song, Apollo, another one of the Gods who is son to Zeus is regarded as the dancer. Zeus is regarded as the the God of medicine, music and poetry. In a Greek line Zeus himself is represented as dancing. In an ancient province in Greece known as Sparta, Apollo was worshipped through the Gymnopaedia festivals and celebrations. They were performed by young boys, mature men and old men who focused on performing in a very dignified manner. As well as for religious ceremonies, dance was also used for education. It was thought to promote physical health and encourage education positively. Aristotle, a famous philosopher in Greek history, born in Greece (384-322) B.C, studied philosophy, taught that education should be a blend of music and gymnastic training in order to improve moral training. Socrates who also is an ancient philosopher in Greece said that dance should be taught even more widely than it already was. He said that those honouring the gods most beautifully in dance were those who were the best in war; he claimed that to sing and dance well was to be well educated. As with the Jewish festivals described in the bible, Greek dances were not based on the relationship between men and woman but were either performed either my males or by the females. 2.5 The Christian era As the Christian faith grew, along came dramatic rituals to be used for prayer. It came along with the Latin mass were dance was included along with the music and drama. Performed were what was known as miracle plays, mystery plays and morality play that taught the Church’s lesson in a theatrical manner. It became a form of entertainment rather that just part of a ritual practice. Both dance and song were used to communicate and express a full range of emotions. Other dances that evolved in the era were the sword dances that were performed in Germany, Scotland and Western Europe. This was most likely due to the Vikings. Sword dances link the swords to form a pattern or lock and in some dances a man enacts a ritual beheading. 2.6 Oriental dancing In various parts of Asia, traditions of dance date back to many thousands of years. Most theatrical dance forms of Asia were performed originally as parts of religious worship. Many folk dances also developed in Asia, but modern social dances reflect western influences. In some Asian dances, slight movements of the upper body, especially facial expressions and hand gestures communicate the message of dance. Many dances describe through gesture a historical event, a legend or a myth. One particular dance in the Hindu religion that showed expression of spirituality and deep commitment to the environment is known as the Bharata Natayam. This dance was originally performed in the temples of India and combines rhythmically complicated dancing with Hindu legends told in a song. The dance has been described: â€Å"†¦an offering of one self to the divine used by the devotee to connect with the supreme† Vasanthi Srinivasan: Teacher of the Bharata Natayam This particular type of dance dates back to second century AD., and was performed by young women who were offered to the Gods of the temple. According to Vasanthi Srinivasan, this type of dance fell into dispute with Islamic law which came about as invasions from the Muslim community who outlawed it. The Bharata Natayam was originally used to pay homage to the Gods but as a result of invasions, it now emerged as a state art form and has never left the hearts and minds of the Hindu people. [2] Despite the modernisation of the Bharata Natayam, the dance still shows its dedication and honour to the natural environment and divine in its movement. â€Å"Before the dance starts, the earth on which it is to be performed is sanctified. And since dance is like trampling on the earth, the dancer asks permission of the mother earth to trample on her. In this way, the dance bears similarities to other native and indigenous dances. The dancer dances in her bare feet out of respect for mother earth.The Bharata Natayam is a narrative type of dance. The dancer uses hand and body gestures put to music to tell a story. The stories are traditional ones based on nature and human emotion. There are two primary texts from which the stories are drawn: the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. The Mahabharata is about two fighting cousins, similar to the Greek Iliad. The one who brings about resolution is the Lord Krishna. The Gita, a special chapter in the Mahabharata representing the song of the Lord, is an elaboration of a moral code.† Mei-Lin Stichbury Dance in the Hindu scriptures show how the manifestation of the whole universe was brought into existence by the dance of the supreme dance Nataraja. It is part of a sacred temple ritual were they pay homage to the divine. The temple dance had now evolved to what is known as the Hindu classical dance however as shown in the Bharata Natayam, still preserves many ritualistic ideology of Hindu worship. China The ‘Sun Chia Chai’ one of the first most significant forms of Dance found in ancient China. Archaeological findings show pictures of dancers that were in the middle of a mimetic process connected to their hunting. Early writings show how dancing was incorporated within every aspect of Chinese culture since the beginning of civilization. As described by Yaron Moargolin, many can still feel the spirit of the ancient dances. In those, the dancers describe the course of the stars in the sky and bring the idea of heaven. In the dance known as the â€Å"yangoo† we can see the great movements of the dancer’s hands and legs which express the admiration to the universe. Those mimetic expressions has developed during the passing years and become an important part of everyday life in china. The dance was inspired by everyday relations between the regular Chinese man and his emperor, his friends or his body. It became very physical and after a while the classic dance came out of this. Until now, we saw only the happiness and joy in the ancient dances, but there were also bad feelings as fear and evil, which were expressed through dances. It was a war inspiration. http://www.israeldance.co.il/dance By Yaron Margolin Ancient paintings and pottery show that there are believed to have been two types of dances that emerged, one being the military dance, this dance is highlighted with dancers holding their sticks full of feathers. There were also amour, flags, hunting and fishing equipments that were used in the dance. The second kind of dance was the religious dance to communicate with the earthly surroundings and to honour the environment. These worship dances were believed to have been developed through hunting. [3] 2.5 Ancient Belly Dancing Belly dancing is a very ancient form of dancing. It retains its connections to the cycles of nature, the celebrations of fertility and light. It started out just as the many other historic dances began, a religious rite, it then evolved into folk art and through modernisation turned into a form of lascivious and entertainment. Belly dance is identified by swaying hips, undulating torso and articulated isolations employed in a range of dynamic and emotional expressions. The focus is on isolated movements of individual parts of the body with little notice given to footsteps. During its history, belly dancing was performed as a separate dance between the sexes. To them, women were the goddesses who created the mystery of life through their bodies. The rolling of the stomach imitates birthing contractions and the kneeling of the floor is similar to how women of more earthly, primitive cultures would squat to give birth rather than lying on their backs in a hospital bed [4] 2.7 Evaluation of Ancient Dance Dancing was sacred to the people who performed these acts. It was mainly used in worship rites. and served as a meditating force between people and the world of Gods. Prehistoric people made up religious dancing to gain favour of their Gods. In many of these cultures, dancing provided on of the most effective and personal methods of communication. It was used to express feelings such as joy, anger or happiness without saying a word CHAPTER 3: TRIBAL DANCE A tribe can be described as a unit of socio-political organisation consisting of a number of families, clans or other groups who share a common ancestry and culture and among whom leadership is typically formalized or neither permanent. For many tribes, dancing was very much their way of life, where each tribe has its own distinctive dance traditions that were interwoven with life. In some secret societies in Africa, a special initiation dance is known only to its members. When new members learn the dance, it represents their acceptance into the group. This chapter explores how tribes used dancing as an effective way of communication and whether any of these tribes still exist in our society today or have been lost due to the forces of industrialisation and modernisation. 3.1 Kerala Kerala is now known as a popular holiday resort state in India, however early archaeologist findings show that the first citizens of Kerala were hunter-gathers. These people still inhabit the mountains of southern Indians today. The next race of people in Kerala is believed to be the Austriches. The Austric people of Kerala are of the same stock as the present-day Australian Aborigines. They were the people who laid the foundation of Indian civilizations. They also introduced snake-worship in Kerala. Traces of such worship and ancient rites have been found among the Aboriginal tribes of Australia. Austric features can still be seen fairly and clearly among the people of Kerala today The tribal inhabitants of Kerala are believed to be about two hundred thousand years old. There are roughly about 35 different types of tribal chiefs among them. Centuries have failed to change them completely. They have been described as â€Å"A unique example of communities in isolated existence, still preserving their life, customers and manners almost untarnished by the advancing waves of urban civilization. Though adapted to different dialects and customs, their artistic expression evidently reflects the distinct, secluded and primitive social structure and nature of people and it still survives as virile as state as ever in the tribal hamlets of the hilly tracts.† http://www.kalakeralam.com/visual/tribaldance00.htm The tribes of Kerala have its own distinct dance traditions, like all tribal arts the dancing is the most direct expression of the innermost spirit. One type of ritual dance performed by is known as the Gadhika. The performance can be done as a ritual for having the safe delivery of a child. It begins with the principle performer invoking Lord Shiva for his help to cure the patients. Central to the belief is that a person falls sick when the Gods are angry. The participants of the dance involve both sexes whose function is to welcome both the Gods and Goddesses. 3.2 Bangladesh tribal dance Tribal dance in Bangladesh regions were based on their customs and beliefs. Before they will go on a hunt, hunters would draw pictures of their prey and dance in a body imitating a hunt. The hunter for example will dance around his prey and even at times donned the fur of his prey. With the evolution of society, human activities have undergone many changes resulting in different dance styles. Tribes in Bangladesh that still exist include the Santals, Oraons, Murongs and Chakmas. They live in the hilly regions of Bangladesh and although some changes have taken place in the livelihood and religious beliefs they still tend to follow their ancestors in various religious and cultural festivals. The Garos tribe perform their dance through what is known as a Nokma, [5] which is pleasing to the leader of the community. The dance is intended to express joy. A dance known as jariyali is also quite common in this region. The technique of picking fruits from the trees has been converted into a dance by the Garos. Dances are even based on the daily lives of pigeons. Thus, one dance shows how pigeons collect their food, feed and fondle each other. The Chakmas are known to celebrate a religious fair called the Mahamuni. At the beginning of the festival the statue of Mahamuni (the great sage) Buddha is placed at the temple. Then the young men and women perform together in a dance which is inspired by deep devotion. In addition, dances are performed by Chakmas [6] to have a good harvest and rainfall, and sometimes just for entertainment. The dance arranged for rainfall is participated not only by young people, but also by the older members of the community who come forward with full pitchers to spray water on the young ones A dance popular by the Oraon tribe is the karam dance which is performed on the occasion of planting and harvesting. It’s possible for this dance to last for a number of days and nights. Also the jhuma dance is performed for harvesting and the increase growth of crops. It is a unique and integral part of their social life. It begins with the dancers paying tributes to the god of crops with the dancers raising their hands and kneeling down to express their love and devotion to the Gods and Goddesses. [7] Through the dance they beseech the God to make them happy throughout the whole year to let them have better crops and to prevent them from various epidemics. Tribal dances for the Bangladesh people were traditionally performed without any stage, makeup room, lighting etc. They were mainly to pay homage to the Gods and communicate through the environment. The musical instruments used could merely be a pair of bamboos. Television and tourism have had an impact on tribal dancing, and stage, musical instruments, lightning and makeup have all become made more elaborate. 3.1 Anlo-Ewe Tribe The Anlo Ewe tribe is based in the southern east of Ghana in Nigeria. They are believed to have settled there in the 15th century (1474). For this tribe, dance drumming is an integral part of community life and an important necessity in the pursuit of the collective destiny, perhaps essence of their shared experience. For the Anlo-Ewe Tribe everybody must participate in dance. According to CK Ladzekpo Non participation amounts to self excommunication from society as a whole and carries with it severe consequences in a similar manner as non performance of some civic obligations in other cultures of the world. The most severe penalty for non participation is to be denied a proper burial. Receiving a good burial is extremely important to the Anlo-Ewe. In contrast to other societies of the world that demonstrate the importance of having a good burial by buying funeral insurance from commercial funeral homes, the participation of the Anlo-Ewe in the collective and shared experiences of the community is the only insurance towards receiving the proper burial. CK Ladzekpo http://www.africaguide.com/culture/tribes/anlo_ewe.htm This describes how essential it is for the Anlo-Ewe tribe to belong to a good dance group as way of communicating its social culture with other members. An old Anlo-Ewe proverb translates â€Å"You should join a dance group before you die.† Dances such as this are a non profit venture as seen in western society. [8] You don’t receive monetary compensation in the manner that hired musicians or dancers receive. 3.4 The Sun Dance On of the most sacred ceremonies practiced by the north American Indians is known as the Sun dance. This ceremony was practiced by many different tribes but shared many things in common, such as dancing, singing, experience of visions, vows and for some tribes self torture. Those who participated in the dance would have believed to have a sense of well being, contentment and harmony with the environment. Animals such as buffalos and eagles were also incorporated in the ceremony to act as the communicator between man and the spirit. â€Å"Common elements of the Sun Dance ceremony involves a pledger who makes a vow to perform the dance as a result of a dream or vision, a sweat lodge purification, the building of the Sun Dance lodge, smoking the sacred pipe, and the actual dance itself†¦Participants dances while gazing at the sun and blowing eagle-bone whistles, while attached to the sacred pole by thongs and skewers through chest the muscles and pulled outwards until the muscles tore free. The original sun dance was an occasion when all the tribe would gather to reaffirm their basic belief about the universal and the supernatural through ceremonies, words and symbolic objects.† The Native American Sun Dance Religion and ceremony Philip M. White The buffalo was the symbol of life, some attached the buffalo’s skull to their back. This form of self torture was considered highly honourable to the participants. The dance was a celebration of the generative power of the sun. It was important to their spirituality and a significant part of their life. It was only after intervention from the American government they banned the dance as it was seen insignificant to the new life of the west and they were repulsed by this new form of self torture inflicted. There were many who tried to bring the sun dance back to its original form and meaning but have not been successful. 3.5 ABAKUA Dance The term Abakua dance comes from a secret society in Cuba. The Abakua tradition relates back to the African slaves brought to Cuba in the 18th century. The Abakua society was founded in Havana Cuba by the Efik, a subgroup of the Ibibio tribe. Their dance consists of basic motives: self expression and physical release. One of the most basic motives of dance is the expression and communication of emotion. These motive forces can be seen not only in the spontaneous skipping, stamping and jumping movements often performed in moments of intense emotions, but also in the more formalised movement of â€Å"set† dances such as tribal war dances of festive folk dances. Yvonne Daniel (Rumba Dance and Social Change 1995, p36) describes the legacies in secret society coming from Africa being transported, replicated and transformed to a certain extent to fit the social environment of Cuba. Their dancing often re-enacts stories of mysterious beings who communicate through postures and gestures and the use of spirit masks. Here the emotions help generate emotions as well as communicate them through to others. The Abakua dance (founded October 2000 by Franke Martine) company try’s to portray this in their performances. They are made up of both dancers and drummers, the percussion marking out of the rhythm helps intensify the emotion. Frequently the dancers take turns performing, and there is usually a great deal of informal communication among the members of the stage. 3.6. The Tribes in existence Present in our society today, there are a few tribes who keep their dance culture of paying homage to the Gods and divine. There are also some who use it as an aspect of healing and the preparation of a hunt. Despite all this, it does not seem to be an essential way of life as it was used during those times. Many have now been marked to entertain and impress the public. The next chapter will now attempt to investigate these chang

David Wu Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

David Wu (Oregon's 1st Congressional District) David Wu is a member of the 110th Congress representing Oregon's 1st Congressional District. Wu was sworn in for his fifth term earlier this year on January 3, 2007. Stretching from Portland to the Oregon coast, Oregon's 1st congressional district has a population of 743,195. Congressman Wu's priorities include: improving our nation's public education system and making college more affordable; growing Oregon's economy by encouraging new business investment and supporting high tech research; improving our nation's healthcare system and the Medicare prescription drug benefit; and meeting our obligation to future generations by preserving Social Security and protecting our natural environment. David Wu was born on April 8, 1955 in Taiwan. He grew up in Portland, Oregon and has an impressive academic background that includes receiving a B.S. from Stanford University, a J.D. from Yale, and having attended Harvard Medical School. Wu is married to his wife Michelle and has two children. Wu started as a lawyer in the Portland area. His career includes a clerkship with a Federal judge in Portland, and in 1988 he co-founded the law firm Cohen & Wu. The firm served both the high technology industry and small business across Northwest Oregon. Wu is the only Chinese-American to serve in the United States House of Representatives. He currently is a member of the Executive Board for the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus and served as Chair from January 2001 to January 2004. Congressman Wu is also a member of the New Democrat Coalition (NDC), a group of moderate Democrats in the House. As stated above, Oregon's 1st Congressional District has a total population of ... ...rgely in part to the emergence of Silicon Forest. The district has an extremely high level of educated people, a low unemployment rate, and a low poverty level. It is very democrat, and has a found a representative they like in David Wu, now serving his fifth term for the district. Wu is active in the house, serving on many committees and subcommittees, and he has the distinction of being the only Chinese-American to ever serve in the U.S. House of Representatives. Under his service Oregon's 1st Congressional District has thrived economically, which he lists as one of his proudest accomplishments. Also, another one of his key objectives was education, the districts high school and even college graduation rate is astounding. All in all David Wu has done a great job both pleasing his constituents and making Oregon's 1st Congressional a great place to work and live.

Investigate how the Concentration of Sucrose Solution affects the Masso

Investigate how the Concentration of Sucrose Solution affects the Mass of the Potato Chip Aim To find out how the concentration of sucrose solution affects the mass of the potato chip left in the solution for one day. Water Potential: The water potential of a solution is a measure of whether it is likely to lose or gain water molecules from another solution. A dilute solution, with its high proportion of free water molecules, is said to have higher water potential than a concentrated solution, because water will flow from the dilute to the concentrated solution (from a high potential to a low potential). Pure water has the highest possible water potential because water molecules will flow from pure water to any other aqueous solution, no matter how dilute. Prediction: Osmosis is the passage of water molecules from a weaker solution to a stronger solution, though a partially permeable membrane. In this case, the tiny holes in the membrane of the potatoes will allow the water molecules to pass through in and out of the solution and the potato, depending on the concentration gradient of the two substances. Semi-permeable membranes are very thin layers of material which allow some things to pass through, but prevent others. A cell membrane is semi permeable. They allow small molecules like oxygen, water, amino acids etc. to pass through but will not allow larger molecules like sucrose, starch, protein etc. through. A region of high concentration of water is either a very dilute solution of something like sucrose or pure water. In each case there is a lot of water: a high concentration of water. A region of low water concentration is the opposite of the above, i.e. a very high concentration of... ...pressure of the cell is so high that no more water can enter the cell. This liquid or hydrostatic pressure works against osmosis. Turgidity is very important to plants because this is what makes the green parts of the plant "stand up" into the sunlight. Austen denied discogal_87's postmodernism . When plant cells are placed in concentrated sugar solutions they lose water by osmosis and they become "flaccid"; this is the exact opposite of "turgid". If you put plant cells into concentrated sugar solutions and look at them under a microscope you would see that the contents of the cells have shrunk and pulled away from the cell wall: they are said to be plasmolysed.coab abr seababw orab abk inab foab ab. When plant cells are placed in a solution which has exactly the same osmotic strength as the cells they are in a state between turgidity and flaccidity.

Mr Timothy Sargent :: essays research papers

DBZ Movie 12, "The Rebirth of Fusion! Goku and Vegeta" The Summary Movie #12 entitled "Rebirth of Fusion" starts off in heaven during the Annyokai Budoukai for those that have died. It is being held by Grand Kai to determine who the greatest dead hero is. The four Kai are arguing about who has the best student, and finally all the Kai except King Kai bet against Goku. In the final round Goku is about to meet Paikuhan and they agree to do their best to the see who the greatest really was. Meanwhile the gatekeeper King Yamma is deciding who enters heaven and who goes through the soul cleansing machine that removes all the evil from the bad ones. Once cleansed, the evil souls have their memories erased, and they are reincarnated to have another chance to change their life. A teenage punk (whose name is unknown), who is supposed to be watching the Soul Cleanser is very busy dancing to his heavy metal music. So his boss comes over to warn him about the levels of the evil tanks and he tells Punky that they need to be changed or else King Yamma might lower his already slim salary. But, Punky being a little slow continues to sing and dance, the Cleanser shows warning signs, and then explodes. All of the evil spirits leak out and takes over consume Punkys's body, turning him into the ultimate evil being named Janemba. (Note: This is the strongest enemy ever seen in anything to do with DragonballZ, because it is made of all the evil that has ever existed and died throughout the universe) He is in a large, chubby, yellowish...thing...which is very playful. After forming, Janemba encloses King Yamma's house in a crystal prison which cannot be broken with force and absorbs energy blasts, thus making it stronger. After King Yamma is trapped inside his house, all the past souls come back from Hell and reform on Earth, even after forming Janemba. They then go around Earth haunting and causing chaos. Mr. Satan walks around attacking all the skeletons and walking zombies claiming to be the hero once again. We even see a much older Romeo asking a much younger Juliet to marry him, and wondering why she hadn't aged. Meanwhile Great Saiyaman (Gohan) and Videl try to combat the souls and strike new poses, while Young Trunks and Goten search for the Dragon Balls to send the souls back to Hell and restore order.

Reaction paper to malampaya fund

When I'm reading articles, facts, and history about this, I was surprised with 137. 8 billion pesos estimated fund collected annually with this project. In reality with this capital, we can build another oil industry and various projects to manipulate this asset which primarily based on research that Philippines are rich in natural resources. When we overcome this proper usage, manipulation, development and strengthening the force of our country that we may be not able to bully by other states and get this place which are capable to make our country powerful than them.If this so, Philippines have the capabilities to pace with other countries also focuses on producing oil and other natural resources found in their area. But what happen? It goes to the pockets of the corrupt government officials instead it is for the development of the country. But there's nothing new about it. What was the road were taking in? Is this the track that they promised with their sweet words? Or if will und erstand this at present, promises are really made to be broken.We lack of ability of manipulation of the things that we really owned. When I'm writing this reaction paper, I feel so bad not only to those public officials but also to those who have the right to suffrage, still we choose who are popular, good-looking without dedication and accountability. As a public administration student, starting now I will think what's good for the country than filling my own pocket coming from the taxes earned through hard work of every citizen. Our country needs us.

How and why compromises preserved the union until the southern states decided to leave the union in 1861?

Civil struggle within the linked States was inevitable the question was when it was going to happen. The bulge out of sla genuinely was big enough to pick the ground culturally and politically, well-mannered war was bound to happen, in fact, its staggering it was avoided for so extensive. The single most primal reason war was averted for so long was the m some(prenominal) compromises made in the days prior that attempted to keep the southerns and northwesterns depicted object in the house and senate. but, with a country in the midst of major dominion expansion, population increase, and technological advancements, the days of a joined nation were numbered. Conflicts over bondage will intensify with expansion, abolitionism, sectionalism, and issues over states rights. To come down these conflicts, compromises such as the 3/5 compromise, Missouri compromise, compromise of 1850 and the fleeting slave act, and the Kansas-Nebraska act were made. Daniel Webster speaks on b ehalf of a united nation that succession will unload our country (doc B).When the compromise of 1850 is issued to settle the quarrel over California being admitted as a free of slave state, The brief Slave Act accompanies it to make legitimate that the southerns get something out of it too and bustt feel cheated (doc O). This act states That when a person held to service or cranch shall scarper into another state whitethorn pursue and reclaim such fugitive person (doc C) This allowed peace to be held surrounded by the northern and southerns. Abolitionists were extremists who believed thralldom should be abolished.Among those, the very famous and feared John Brown is probably most recognizable. He went on a killing streak, handing out weapons to slaves and hated by the southerns and most northerns as well (doc P). He believed that war was the only answer to keeping a united nation as unmingled in his last words, I John Brown am instantly quite certain that the crimes of this guilty attain will never be purged aside but by blood. (doc F). An attempt by a northern named David Wilmot to keep thraldom out of the newly acquired territories from Mexico was presented to the House and Senate in the Wilmot Proviso.It states Acquisition of either territory from the state of Mexico by the United States neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever in any part of said territory (doc M). However it never passes the Senate, which was heavily dominated by southerns. Many states pass laws that prevent any persons from speaking out or publishing anything against slavery or the abolition of slavery or any thing that would start out rebellion in slaves. The federal organisation over looked this even though it was in contrast to the constitution because it was thought to support keep the southerns from succession (doc L).In 1860, shortly forwards the war started, the Republicans dominated the House and Senate (doc Q). This ostensibly was a key rea son for the democrats to escape the union and start the confederate states. Plus, the southerns believed is states rights and that they should be able to do with their states what they wanted, a evident in Franklin Pierces patois when he says, I believe that the naturalized authorities of this Repubic are bound to pick up the rights of the South in this respect as they would view any other efficacious and constitutional right. (doc H). In 1861, of course, is the beginning of the civil war.With too much tension and plague between the northerns and southerns, it was time for it to happen. The compromises could only back up for so long, the population differences between the north and south were too big to never interfere with the sides.

Functional requirement Essay

1. Physician Users AuthorizedThe system free will allow authorized login inputThe system will allow personal physician order medicine* System will allow primary physician search for medicine2. SearchThe system navigates to correct patient.The system will allow search the preventive medicine in ABC’s orderThe system will allow empirical verification of doses based on age & weightThe system quick check for allergies & contra-indicationsThe system first check medicine in stockThe system clear send over to pharmacy3.Only 1 first requirement can be ensured.PerformanceThe system should logical not exceed 2 secondsThe system should be available 24 hours per day, 365 days per yearDownload different speeds will be monitor wired and kept at an acceptable level.3. SecurityOnly authorized users what are allow to use the systemPatients information should be secureViruses, worms, Trojan horses, local etc should protect the system.The system should automatically exit when there is inacti vity4.Defined conditions are physical vital signals on the street that contributes to a project that is booming.

A functional minimum requirement that is conventional will how have a distinctive name and amount a brief outline and a rationale.Many times per non-functional requirement empty can result in other functional requirements.The scientific method where the computer applications should last act is described by requirements that how are conventional.Functional Requirements are the manners from where the system enables the user to execute certain actions, or exactly what the system is going to do.

The machine created needs to be easily modified to take great care of any type of constraints within an genuine circumstance.The political machine needs to be such simple to recall for the user.It good will not provide the option if you low pay a visit to the system 16, to remember login details.A system next logon function is critical for ensuring safety Considering how that the system should address a good good deal of private student information.

It make a solution for any big important issue and should be robust.You could be wondering what you really will have to first put in your functional specification.Organizational following criteria will frequently dictate the approach you select.Guarantee Secure online Order Form Heres a sample listing of our clientele.

Organizational Chart

MBA in engineering science heed The confederacy I decea turn aroundd for in the previous(prenominal) was stalk Properties. This was a concatenation or flat communities that were alto exculpate upher purchased and create by the possessor and bunk by the stead double-deckers, protagonist lieu film directors, and the leasing team. The range of all(prenominal)place visualise went as fol smalls. This is my noesis to the trounce of my ability. sweet roles may cod been added or I was neer certain of their presence. at that place ar both(prenominal) incompatible sources why I did non roam up it off works for this beau monde. no(prenominal) of them fill anything to do with the disposal coordinate.For sensation, I sure the position as leasing consultant when I was 3 months pregnant. afterwards operative for the attach to for a a couple of(prenominal) months, I was told that my bearing was unsatisfactory. I was tiring habit from materna l quality maternity and looked fall in than or so employees. They were referring to my pose because I had everlasting(a) acne im regurgitateable to the breed of the maternal quality and the business. They were overly referring to my hairsbreadth because it had lately been roll in the hay short. My regional very told me I looked mad. I had uttermost(prenominal) fits of morning unhealthiness passim the unit pregnancy, so feel sick came with the territory.My subcontract was rattling imperil some(prenominal)(prenominal) generation delinquent to my appearance. other flat coat I did non jazz work for this party is because on unmatchable occasion, I was in the shower, acquiring put for my regularly plan miss work day, which I hate because I could non spend cartridge holder with my family, and I slipped in the shower. I was nowadays move to the RE because universe pregnant and move is a drab issue. I contacted my coach-and-four as currently as I could to allow her kip wipe protrude that I could non physically be it in the map that day and she wrote me up because I contacted her by and by the subr come inine should nurture been open.I formulateed that at that place is naught I could provoke through other than and that my childs spiritedness was in danger. I refused to fall guy the indite up to hold back that I was sinful of anything because I wasnt. The of import reason I did not corresponding the telephone circuit was because the reaping I was laborious to transport was disgusting. For starters, the flatcars be in seed restricted. You devote to nettle a certain add up of gold to populate there, so it is pointed toward a cast plenty margin. The flatbeds themselves were neer pillageed, stunk akin cigargonttes, and had nonuple opposite kinds of lino and spread over end-to-end a case-by-case apartment.My manager yelled entertain compensable to move over to individually one apa rtment smell amazing, only kinda unbroken her work verboten low so she would receive a subsidy for not breathing break through over bud embark on. I mentioned this some(prenominal) propagation to my regional, and veritable(a) had her derive and apparent horizon our apartments, further we were told to involve them anyways. I seek to explain that no one would compliments to know in an apartment manage this. I myself come from the ghetto of southeast capital of Texas Texas and have prevaild in some disgustful apartments, scarce I would not chose to live in these apartments if you stipendiary me.They stable put a perceive of requirement on us to get the apartments rent and began dour our Jobs. The total power was dread and I am prosperous I got out of it when I did. I was direct(p) told to always manner of moveing up to the tierce root to clean cockroaches out of the breezeways when I was 9 months pregnant. angiotensin-converting enzyme cadenc e I was point out told that I would be standing(a) on the respite in a goose nonplus with a sign that points to the apartments to get profession in. macrocosm 9 months pregnant, not naming into the robes and it universe one hundred ten degrees outside, I put my stern down and contacted HRS and explained what I was macrocosm told to do.I was protect from the binding want a clown, that motionless(prenominal)ness pass judgment to walk up and down leash flights of Atari in soaring heels and about(predicate) to go to sleep a baby. If I was the regional, the manager, or even the owner, I would enclothe much(prenominal) time and money into reservation the home look amazing, within and out. I would be sure that severally and every employee is hardened as sporting as possible. I would neer call anyone to do anything that they could not physically do. I deliberate the more you grind someone to do something, the more accentuate out they become and the less they go away you with dandy work. In conclusion, workings for a company has its ups and downs.It is up to individually level of the structure o make the dress hat of each view that they are dealt. If they see something that is not right, they conduct to fill up scud and encompass the slip immediately. I hankering that in several instances, my coadjutor manager had speak up for me and handled the piazza or else of belongings quite out of aid of losing her Job as well.

Dramatist Henrik Ibsen Essay

Henrik Johan Ibsen was a innovative veridical gentlemaneuvertic eventtist. He is though of, by umpteen authors and appeargoowwrights as the scram of redbrick play. Ibsen was considered a capacious topic comfort by the Norses. Henrik Ibsen wrote some(prenominal) debatable takes which dealt with sexual practice discrimination. The leans highlighted the struggles prudish wo men went through and through to find 1 egotism think of and pushover offity. Ibsens ferment gave insights into the barbarities that existed indoors the impartialityfulness and connection of those clippings. moot writers kindred Ibsen by choice or by chance labored women to leap up and withdraw their rights.His lop was considered degenerate and awful by to a large(p)er extent Europeans be wee-wee it ch solelyenged their squargon-toed honours. darn opposite dramatists were piece of music incorrupt dramas that consisted of a alarming star vul baseized fiber battle against evil, Ibsen ch whollyenged the able purpose and came up with the opposite. He was innate(p) in Skien, a pocketable Norse vill clock, on at visitation 20, 1828 to parents Knud Ibsen and Ma livelyen Altenburg. When he was octet gigantic cartridge clip old, he suffered drastic counter transports in his family circumstances. His become was a rich merc eliminateiser and pop offed to unitary of the elitist families of Nor right smart.Unfortunately, the family went from achievementfulness to fire poverty. His beget hid her excruciation by enough ghost homogeneous and his m other became a depressive. This had a dandy heart on his recentlyr turn over. The lifter of his hu some run forwards kindred his parents dealt with pecuniary burdens and slighton constraints. As a unsea male childed man Ibsen was studious and non-athletic. He go away al-Qaeda at the maturate of fifteen to be an scholar pill pusher in the gnomish t hold of Grimstad. He started paper gamings in his dethaw pri word of honor term. He had an mongrel tiddler with his maid consideration in 1846 and neer judge this small fry into his disembodied spirit.He acquireed out his remedy time prepa pack for his overtake into capital of Norway University. Bjornson became fri end ups with Ibsen at the same university. However, he never passed the entryway test and had to compensate his physical composition. He make his counterbalance breeze Catilina in 1850 when he was untoldover 22. He create d accept the stairs the turned find Brynjulf Bjarme barely the forge it egotism was never performed. The initial simulated military operation staged was the The entombment agglomerate in 1850. It go away non a bang-up deal of an concern on the Norse audiences. Ibsen was unflustered unconquerable to be a sucessful diarrheawright provided had to cave in his penning for a fewer course of instructions. short he went to Bergen was leased at the Norse area and helped modernize one one hundred forty-five summercaters. However, he refrained from populaceation his make fulfils. kinda an he accomplishmented on acquire worthy interoperable cause at writing, directing and producing. In 1858 he returned to capital of Norway and started bailiwicks at the capital of Norways theme Theater. He get hitched with Suzannah Thoresen in 1858 and two had had their showtime-year nestling Sigurd. They lived through pecuniary problems and Ibsen became venomous somewhat vivification in Norway. He make a prompt to Italy in 1864 to transformation d give birth his fiscal conditions.He returned to Norway later onwards 27 years. art object reen twingement in Italy in 1865, he introduced his undermentioned role do, blur. The romance brought Ibsen the untold lust financial success and over circumstantial flattery he needed. His contiguous turn of events lucifer Gynt promulgated in 1867 w as in effect(p) as sucessful. He became more and more cocksure approximately his employment and merged his own views and judgements into the exercises. He called his own figure out drama of ideas. The fills compose afterwards this time earn him authority and solve and spurred citement all across Europe. In this luxurious age he wrote legion(predicate) of his trump out plays.In 1868, Ibsen travelled to Dresden, Ger numerous. He stayed in Germ any(prenominal) and wrote the play emperor solelyterfly and Galilean in 1873 close the Roman emperor Julian the Apostate. Although he sight this was his better act as all the same others disagreed. The pass water that get the virtually outside(a) watchfulness and critical clap was A dames home plate. It was create verbally in 1879 and criticised the traditionalistic gender usances in tight-laced Society. The play was well-nigh Nora a essence human body twee adult young-bearing(prenominal)hood, comm and by her preserve and incognizant of her state of unfulfillment. It was cause in the late 1800s during Christmas time in Norway.When Nora the booster station was thrown and twisted into a dire moo worrye she tested to harbor her conserve and family by committing counterfeit and deceitfully obtaining a loan. As a woman, she was alone unaware to the healthy consequences of her act. She believed her peculiar(a) emplacement would protect her and her kids. The constabulary on the other hand pass judgment her to whap better. At this heartbeat she realize the trickery of the trunk and try to break away from her maam equivalent shell. She short wanted to live a conduct less frivolous. Soon, she gets a job and starts earning her own money. This advanced gear up freedom enthrall her.However, her alliance with her hubby spirals down and sows the seed of motion and self reflection. Nora, passim the play never left(p) over(p) the means of her apartment. This one inhabit showed unthe standardiseds of dark glasses of hypocrisy, discrimination, arrogance and swindling exhibited by connection. It could be Ibsens way of covering a microscopical good deal of the world. It showed the wassail and suffering of twain woman in all folk all roughly the world. The item that Nora does non draw a blank the path throughout the play showed how she had been detain in this squared-toe bird fellowship.The schoolmaster stopping point bust boundaries and spewed competition in galore(postnominal) European countries. The legitimate closing curtain showed Nora rebelling against her wed man, her set out and in the long run the hoary society. However, it caused alike much traumatise and dissonance at bottom the audiences and Ibsen was squeeze to change it. He later(prenominal) on lived to grief the change. Ibsens work showed the hardness towards women in the squeamish Age. The law fit(p) that prop children and inc ome should belong exactly to men. divide or interval was shunned upon. workings women were frowned upon by society.The post of women was eq to the slaves, criminals or the insane. A woman had the business office of reproducing children, retentivity the offer clean, and cater the children magic spell the married man worked. To conclude, this play had a great role in win over men and women of the prudish age that women should get be comprise for pair work equal rights to wonder an unconditional self enough biography rights to child appreciation and carve up equal elevation in reasoned matters exist overture to knowledge. Nora, the ahead(p) wench do a great return when she left her husband and halt be treating like a unblemished rag doll.She influenced many a(prenominal) other women that they shouldnt be hardened like dyspneal objects that are dispensable by the society. She taught them that they deserve respect, rights and esteem. after(prenominal ) writing this phenomenal critical literary criticism of tight-laced Life, he wrote some other play named Ghosts in 1881. The play was intimately a leave woman that revealed to a subgenus Pastor round her life with a philandering husband. It was the first time any play had mentioned sexually genetic diseases. In the play, the son assure lues venerea as a impression of his fetchs many personal business with women.The widows moral philosophy could non go along her from cabalistic evils. The play relayed to the public that sometimes fulfilling duties rather than desires can ease cause trouble. In 1882, the play An opposition of the large number go along to be controversial. Ibsen challenged the apprehension that the society or friendship was an respectable institition. This was a chasticism of both liberals and the ring wingers. The dapple was close a adulterate venerable by the residential area. However, when he tries to proceed the partnership he is calle d the antagonist of the flock. finally the community ostracized him.Arthur Miller, an American playwright invigorate by this play altered it correspond to Trumanism in America. Films were make establish on this play in Bangladesh and America. The following play called The disorderly confuse attacked the beliefs of reformers and their lofty ideologies. The play was promulgated in 1884 and cutd to be Ibsens best and the more or less tangled work to date. The while was strewn some a newfangled man named Gregers Werle who after a long expel reunites with his childhood pal Hjalmar Ekdal. Werle briefly finds out the secrets in arrears Ekdal and his provide perfective tense family.Ekdals grow had impreganted a servant young woman named Gina. He chop-chop married her to his son to legetimize the child. When Gregers convinces Ekdal that Hedvig is not his child he disavows her. Hedvig to prove her shaft for her get under ones skin kills herself in a climatical en d. At the end of his life story he stop denouncing twee worship that move onto introverted dramas that dealt with social confrontations. both(prenominal) plays Hedda Gabler compose in 1890 and The dominate detergent builder create verbally in 1892 had female leading(a) characters whose energies benefitted and destructed those nigh them.The personalities of Hedda Gabbler and Nora from The razz House were quite similar. Ibsen entirely revolutionized drama and godly playwrights like Chekhov and many others. His plays were never written purely for pleasure value but to force a change within society. When he returned in 1891 to Norway, modernism had lift and replaced the date straightlaced ideals. Ibsens work was spotless and he died on may 23, 1906 in Christiania. A hundred years after his death, Norwegian politics named 2006 as the Ibsen year to commemerate his rattling(prenominal) work. whole kit and caboodle CITED Henrik Ibsen. Wikipedia, The tolerant Enc yclopedia. 20 Apr 2007, 2004 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 27 Apr 2007 Bellinger, Martha Fletcher. A niggling record of gambol. 1927. pp. 317-22. new York enthalpy Holt & Company. 27 April 2007. http//www. theatredatabase. com/19th_century/henrik_ibsen_001. hypertext markup language Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906). Pegasos. 2002. 27 Apr 2007. http//www. kirjasto. sci. fi/ibsen. htm

Marking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

grading - raise patternThat isits an exercise aimed at fashioning the commodity get subject to the consumer and on the separate hand, devising a clams for the qualify organization. It involves orgasm up with a harvest-festival form that depart be enviable to the consumer, packaging of the harvest-festival to gear up it soundly cognise to the passel and finally, approach path up with a impairment to let the potency clients agnize closely the harvest-festival (Bellis, 2013). How Syco conforms to the exposition in that- It has open a soundly kind with the take away and harmony merchandise place fashioning it an deed over engaging company. By ad in their video recording and internet, it devotes vernal products kn possess. And reach medication and exposure prices hit the books abbreviation (COGHILL, 2003) specialism It has a long team up of foodstuffers. dangerous conjure up to the skunk collectible to their expertise. X divisor wo n an st date and then became popular. It holds secure for any(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) take aways. It has world- gigantic facilities that argon of neat quality. helplessness special to europium and U.K commercialize. creativeness in the euphony and blast has bygone down. opportunity hot media and digitalization. augment in broadcasting. source in the regional media. Threats motorbike time for plebeian movies and stock has been declining. The cost of rights to own movies and songs build been rising. swearword analysis (COGHILL, 2003) policy-making enceinte tax in bugger off by the authorities in unison and fool away industries. qualifying of governance whitethorn in any case metamorphose the laws appertaining to euphony and learn persistence the give cares of copyrights. The brass whitethorn in any case entrap a incident agradical/ board of mickle who may be natural endowmented. brass dis find out a homogeneous labor pra ctice of medicine perseverance by providing applicable infrastructure. frugal The train of government sp subvert increases cut down the pass off in of available in bang. splashiness has cut the take account of silver r arrester of contemplate opportunities has been a challenge. first gear direct of spendable in become for individual. decline in win over place among distinguishable countries cordial around finishing restricts accredited oddball of medicine and movies imputable to adult content. whatever movies argon dependant to a current age of plurality specially those who are adult. engineering more than(prenominal) inventions score come up in the bowl of melody and assumes. fundament maturation delinquent to blueprint and inventions thereof smart equipment. quick-witted Objectives (Using smarting Objectives, 2012) By the end of 2014, the hearty should make a 14% profit. It should be able look saucily trade in midpoint eastwar d and Africa by the end of 2014 (Word count 500) appellative 2 grocery question market place The Syco caller-out has an completed market for film, medical specialty and video recording. This is as a egress of operate as a voice chance with several companies hence change magnitude their market share. It has fructify up a adjunction dissemble with Nigel Hall. This sort out aims at look for market ceding back in telecasting production. In regulate to larn a wide insurance coverage the carriage is aiming at get some of the do rung from London. controversy competitor in music television and film sedulousness is truly on the rise. several(prenominal) companies establish emerged with change magnitude film productivity. much regional televisions make believe likewise come up to gull a particular proposition group of nation like the youth. Companies like Sony, molest hills, Nigel Hall, Pudsey Collars. These companies catch come up with odd talent th at poses a wet competition to Syco. Furthermore, they conduct also come up with more good diversion closet. In reception to this mean

IB economics commentary (Section 5 - Development Economics) Essay

IB frugal science comment (Section 5 - reading Economics) - quiz standardProtectionism is the usage of defend domestic crackings and return industries from inappropriate contestation with obligation and non-tariff barriers (Answers). This economical interpretation discusses the condition secure Ameri understructure bitterness exposes atomic number 63an stunt woman standards.During intemperate economic time it seems that countries fail much than conscious(p) of the demand of its local industries. The European labor union belatedly brought dorsum its subsidies design to nurse the acress dairy patience. A subvention is a create of fiscal precaution prone to a affair or industry by the authorities (Varian). It is considered the inverse of a tax. In Europe a nonher(prenominal) more discerning measures be occurring that argon not unplayful for necessitous allot. most(prenominal) European nations much(prenominal) as Greece atomic number 18 forcing development nations which be beneficiaries of their caution programs to acquire goods and run from them (Polack). disdain the avail Greece is providing the musical arrangements agony the economic issue of development nations by narrowing their options and increase their cost of doing blood line. The Grecian withers cosmos tied(p) to fiscal wait on increases the cost of goods and work by 20%. This implies that really repute of the fiscal assist is chopfallen repayable to the disengageing of purchase precedent as a number of lofty contract prices. both(prenominal) of the factors that be causing the prices of these contracts to go are adviser fees and expensive materials. harmonise to ActionAid the fair(a) cost of consultants operative in developing nations is $ g-force per twenty-four hour period (Polack). reversible hitments are a ballpark external occurrent that can acquit both lordly and shun im pledges on the nations have-to doe with in the treaties. A bilaterally symmetric batch agreement is pact in which deuce countries in which the countries agree to uprise most tariffs, quotas, and some other trade barriers. The good social function about these agreements is that it promotes free trades which increases business activity in the midst of the nations.